A wave is a transfers energy through a space or object, but it does not move the particles in it.
If you stand on one side of a door and say 'Hi' a person on the other side will be able to hear you saying 'Hi'. This is because the vibrations that you made have travelled through the door to the other side, the energy moving from one particle of the door to another: but the door its self has not move, none of its particles have changed position.
This blog will cover and explain the specification for Edexcell triple science IGCSE 2013 Physics. Hope it helps :)
Sunday, 3 March 2013
3.3 define amplitude, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave
Time taken for the source to produce one complete wave.
Amplitude
As a wave vibrates to either side of the direction of travel, the amplitude is the distance between the line of the direction of travel and the furthest point the it vibrates away from the line:
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The number of waves per second, it is measured in Hertz (Hz). You can think of it as how quickly the waves are travelling.
Wavelength
The distance between one point on a wave and the same point on the next wave; usually the point from the top/bottom of one wave (peak/trough) to the top/bottom of the next.
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3.2 understand the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves and describe experiments to show longitudinal and transverse waves in, for example, ropes, springs and water
Transverse
Vibrations (osculations) go up and down along the line of travel,
Light and electromagnetic waves travel in this way,
If you drop something in water the waves move up and down as they travel outwards,
If you lie a piece of string on a table and move one end up and down, the movement will pass through the object to the other end.
Longitudinal
The vibrations are in the same direction as the line of travel,
Sound waves travel in this way,
Compressions are where vibrations are close together, rarefactions are where they are more spread out,
If you push one end of a stretched spring the compression will move down the spring.
Watch these animations to see how the examples work: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/waves/generalwavesrev2.shtml
Vibrations (osculations) go up and down along the line of travel,
Light and electromagnetic waves travel in this way,
If you drop something in water the waves move up and down as they travel outwards,
If you lie a piece of string on a table and move one end up and down, the movement will pass through the object to the other end.
Longitudinal
The vibrations are in the same direction as the line of travel,
Sound waves travel in this way,
Compressions are where vibrations are close together, rarefactions are where they are more spread out,
If you push one end of a stretched spring the compression will move down the spring.
Watch these animations to see how the examples work: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/waves/generalwavesrev2.shtml
3.1 use the following units: degree (°), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s), second (s)
degree (°)- distance
hertz (Hz)- cycles per second
metre (m)- distance
metre/second (m/s)- speed
second (s)- time
2.1 use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (), second (s), volt (V), watt (W)
Ampere (A)- current
Coulomb (C)- charge
Joule (J)- energy
Ohm (Ω)- resistance
Second (s)- time
Volt (V)- potential/energy
Watt (W)- power
1.35 use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period
The first half of the equation works out the circumference of the circle, this is the distance, which is then divided by the time.
Orbital speed = 2× π ×orbital radius/ time period
v = 2× π × r/ T
1.33 explain that gravitational force: causes moons to orbit planets causes the planets to orbit the sun causes artificial satellites to orbit the Earth causes comets to orbit the sun
If an object is within the field of another objects gravitational force then it will travel around it in a path known as an orbit. In this way:
moons to orbit planets
the planets to orbit the sun
artificial satellites to orbit the Earth
comets to orbit the sun
moons to orbit planets
the planets to orbit the sun
artificial satellites to orbit the Earth
comets to orbit the sun
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